Description of the Euromanifestos Dataset
(pre-release 1/2005 for the period 1979-99)
| units | manifestos of parties and electoral alliances for elections to the European parliament |
| number of countries | nine plus Northern Ireland and the Euro-parties (1979), ten + 2 (1981 and 1984), twelve + 2 (1989 and 1994), fifteen + 2 (1999) |
| number of parties | currently 145 (including alliances) |
| time period covered | all direct elections to the European parliament from 1979 to 1999 |
| number of elections | 5 regular plus 3 irregular (elections in accession states 1995/96) |
| number of variables | currently 1572 |
| data sources | content analyses, coder evaluations, and a compilation of macro data (election statistics etc.) |
Description of the Variables
MEMBER [position in Dataset: xx]
year membership of a country started.
MULTWEIG [position in Dataset: xx]
weight for multiple documents (f.i. Austria 1999: SPÖ Euromanifesto consisted of two official parts)
REPWEIGH [position in Dataset: xx]
weight for EC/EU-wide analyses based on each party’s seat in EP
NAT_MAN [position in Dataset: xx]
indicates whether Euromanifesto is a national one or adopted from the Euro-party
1=Yes, National party
2=No, Euro-party
3=No, multiple
EIND_ID [position in Dataset: xx]
eind_id=party+((year-1900)/100).
PARTY [position in Dataset: xx]
(equivalent to MRG coding)
party code (includes country (two digits), party family (one digit) and party specific digits (two))
COUNTRY [position in Dataset: xx]
(identical to MRG coding)
country in which the party ran in EP elections
YEAR [position in Dataset: xx]
year of EP election
INITIALS [position in Dataset: xx]
abbreviation of the party
PFAMILY [position in Dataset: xx]
(identical to MRG coding)
party family based on the founding period of the party
1=green parties
2=(post-)communist
3=social democrats
4=liberal
5=christian democrats
6=conservative
7=nationalist
8=agrarian parties
9=regional parties
GROUP [position in Dataset: xx]
parliamentary group a party belongs to
(based on the post-1999 election group formation period)
1=EPP-ED: Group of the European people's party and European Democrats
2=PES: Group of the party of European Socialists
3=Greens/EFA: Greens/ European Free Alliance
4=ELDR: European Liberal, Democratic and Reformist Group
5=GUE/NGL: Group of the European United Left/Nordic Green Left
6=EDD: Europe of Democracies and Diversities
7=UEN: Group of Europe of Nations
8=Non-Attached
VOTE [position in Dataset: xx]
share of votes in EP election (in %)
missing values:
888=inapplicable (electoral alliance)
999=inapplicable (Euro-party)
SEATS [position in Dataset: xx]
party’s number of seats in European parliament
missing values:
999=inapplicable (European party)
SEATSUM [position in Dataset: xx]
country’s number of seats in European parliament
missing values:
999=inapplicable (Europe an party)
Evaluative Variables
evaluation of party by the expert coder, based on the Euromanifesto
MAN [position in Dataset: xx]
type of Euromanifesto.
1=a proper EM of this party,
2=another "official" election-related party document,
3=a manifesto of the party leader,
4=an excerpt of the national manifesto of this party (national election is concurrent),
5=other.
LEFT [position in Dataset: xx]
placement of Euromanifesto according to the coder on a left-right scale.
1=left
…
10=right
LIB [position in Dataset: xx]
placement of Euromanifesto according to coder on a libertarian-authoritarian scale.
1=libertarian
…
10=authoritarian
REL [position in Dataset: xx]
placement of Euromanifesto according to coder on a religious-secular scale.
1=religious
…
10=secular
STATE [position in Dataset: xx]
placement of Euromanifesto according to coder on a state interventionism vs. free enterprise scale.
1=state interventionism
…
10=free enterprise
MULTI [position in Dataset: xx]
placement of Euromanifesto according to coder on a multiculturalism vs. ethnocentrism scale.
1=multiculturalism
…
10=ethnocentrism
EU [position in Dataset: xx]
placement of Euromanifesto according to coder on a pro-anti-EU-integration scale.
1=pro
…
10=anti
ENV [position in Dataset: xx]
placement of Euromanifesto according to coder on environmental a protection vs. economic growth scale.
1=environmental protection
…
10=economic growth
Mentions of Codes
each occurrence of one of the 170 codes and 86 sub-codes was counted (v1_000 to v3_7063). The sum of all these represent the number of arguments coded in the concerning Euromanifesto.
description of the categories see EMCS.
Variables Sum_000 to Sum_7074 [position in Dataset: xx]
sum of the same code on all three levels.
example:
sum000 = v1_000 + v2_000 + v3_000
Variables SUM1to SUM3 [position in Dataset: xx]
sum of all codes concerning one level
Example:
sum1 = v1_000 + v1_101 + v1_102 + v1_103 + v1_104 + v1_105 + v1_106 +v1_107 + v1_108 + v1_109 + v1_110 + v1_1101 + v1_2011 + v1_2012 + v1_202 + v1_203 + v1_204 + v1_301 + v1_302 + v1_303 + v1_304 + v1_305 + v1_401 + v1_402 + v1_403 + v1_404 + v1_405 + v1_406 + v1_407 + v1_408 + v1_4081 + v1_4082 + v1_4083 + v1_409 + v1_410 + v1_411 + v1_412 + v1_413 + v1_414 + v1_415 + v1_416 + v1_501 + v1_502 + v1_503 + v1_504 + v1_5041 + v1_5042 + v1_5043 + v1_5044 + v1_5045 + v1_505 + v1_5051 + v1_5052 + v1_5053 + v1_5054 + v1_5055 + v1_506 + v1_507 + v1_601 + v1_6011 + v1_602 + v1_603 + v1_604 + v1_605 + v1_606 + v1_607 + v1_608 + v1_701 + v1_702 + v1_7031 + v1_7032 + v1_704 + v1_705 + v1_7051 + v1_7052 + v1_7053 + v1_706 + v1_7061 + v1_7062 + v1_7063 + v1_7064
SUMTOTAL [position in Dataset: xx]
sum of all codes
sumtotal=sum1+sum2+sum3
Variables p1_000 to p3_7063 [position in Dataset: xx-xx]
values are percentages of content Codes on each political level separately (100% = all codes on all levels). example:
Number of Occurrence of Code 101 on Level 1
p1_101= ------------------------------------------------------------ * 100
Number of all Codes occurring on all Levels
Variables p_000 to p_7064 [position in Dataset: xx-xx]
content code’s share (in percent) on all political levels combined.
Example: p_101=p1_101+p2_101+p3_101.
Variables PER_EB1 to PER_EB3 [position in Dataset: xx-xx]
share of all content codes combined on each political level.
Example: per_eb1=p1_000+p1_101+…+p1_7064.
Variables SumD1L1 to SumD7L3 [position in Dataset:xx]
sum of all content codes within each Domain for each political Level separately
Example: SumD1L1= v1_101 + v1_102 + v1_103 + v1_104 + v1_105 + v1_106 +
v1_107 + v1_108 + v1_109 + v1_110 + v1_1101
Variables p_D1L1 to p_D7L3 [position in Dataset: xx-xx]
share of all content codes within each Domain for each political Level separately.
Example: p_D1L1=p1_101+ p1_102+…+p1_110.
Variables p_D1 to p_D7 [position in Dataset: xx-xx]
share of all content codes within each Domain for all political levels combined.
Example: p_D1=p_D1L1+ p_D1L2+ p_D1L3.
Variables p1_110S to p3_706S [position in Dataset: xx-xx]
main content code’s share including all sub-codes for each political level separately.
Example: p1_110S=p1_110+p1_1101.
Variables p_110S to p_706S [position in Dataset: xx-xx]
main content code’s share including all sub-codes for all political levels combined.
Example: p_201S = p1_201S+p2_201S+p3_201S
Variables pe1_000 to pe3_7063 [position in Dataset: xx-xx]
values are percentages of content codes on each political Level separately (100% = all Codes on each political level separately).
Example:
Number of Occurrence of Code 101 on Level 1
pe1_101= --------------------------------------------------------- * 100
Number of all Codes occurring on Level 1
Variables VAL1_101 to VAL3_706 [position in Dataset: xx-xx]
issue content codes’ share including all sub-codes for each political level separately (positive and negative codes combined).
Example: VAL1_101 = p1_101S+p1_102S .
Variables VAL_101 to VAL_706 [position in Dataset: xx-xx]
issue content code’s share including all sub-codes for all political levels combined (positive and negative codes combined).
Example: VAL_107=VAL1_107+VAL2_107+VAL3_107.
Analytic Variables
VAL_EUI [position in Dataset: xx]
all EU Institutions combined val_eui=p_306s+p_307s+p_308s+p_309s+p_310s+p_311s+p_312+p_313+p_314s+p_315s
VAL_LM [ position in Dataset: xx]
labour migration (positive and negative)
val_lm=p_4082+p_4083
VAL_SM [position in Dataset: xx]
single market (positive and negative)
val_sm=p_4084+p_4085
VAL_MU [position in Dataset: xx]
monetary union (positive and negative)
val_mu=p_4086+p_4087
POL [position in Dataset: xx]
pol= pol1+pol2+pol3+pol4+pol5+pol6:
pol1=p_201s
pol2=p_202s.
pol3=p_203s+p_204s;
pol4=p_301s
pol5=p_302s
pol6=p_303s+p_304s+p_305s
ECO [position in Dataset: xx]
Eco=eco1+eco2+eco3+eco4+eco5+eco6:
eco1=p_401s+p_402s+p_403s+p_407s+p_414s
eco2=p_404s+p_405s+p_406s+p_409s+p_412s+p_413s+p_415s
eco3=p_410s+p_411s
eco4=p_416s+p_501s
eco5=p_703s; eco6=p_408s
SOC [position in Dataset: xx]
soc=soc1+soc2+soc3+soc4+soc5:
soc1=p_603s+p_605s+p_606s+p_608s
soc2=p_602s+p_604s+p_607s
soc3=p_505s+p_507s+p_702s
soc4=p_502s+p_503s+p_504s+p_506s+p_701s
soc5=p_704s+p_705s+p_706s
FOR [position in Dataset:xx]
for=for1+for2+for3+for4+for5:
for1=p_104s
for2=p_103s+p_105s+p_106s
for3=p_109s+p_110s+p_601s
for4=p_107s+p_108s
for5=p_101s+p_102s
RILE VOLKENS [position im Dataset: xx]
(Identical to MRG coding)
left-right-position of party as given in Klingemann/Volkens (2001).
‚right’: vol_r=pol1+eco1+soc1+soc3+for1.
‚left’: vol_l=pol2+eco2+soc2+soc4+for2.
RILE_MRG [position in Dataset: xx]
(identical to EMCS version)
left-right-position of party as given in Michael Laver/Ian Budge (1992). Summarised percentages of “Left issues” are subtracted from summarised percentages of “Right issues”,
‘+’ Right, ‘-‘ Left.
(p_104+p_2011+p_2012+p_203+p_401+p_402+p_407+p_414+p_505+p_5051+p_5052+ p_5053+p_5054+p_5055+p_601+p_6011+p_603+p_605+p_606) –
(p_103+p_105+p_106+p_107+p_403+p_404+p_406+p_412+p_413+p_504+p_5041+ p_5042+p_5043+p_5044+p_5045+p_506+p1_602+p_701+p_202+p_2021)
RILE [position in Dataste: xx]
left-right position of party (EMCS version based on Wüst, forthcoming)
(p_104s+p_2011+p_203s+p_401s+p_402s+p_407s+p_414s+p_505s+p1_601+p_6011+ p_603s+p_605s+p_606s+p_608s+p702s) –
(p_103s+p_105s+p_106s+p_107s+p_2012+p_202s+p_403s+p_404s+p_406s+p_412s+ p_413s+p_504s+p_506s+p1_602+p_607s+p_701s).
PLANECO [position in Dataset: xx]
(identical to MRG coding)
planned economy: p_403+p_404+p_412
MARKECO [position in Dataset: xx]
(identical to MRG coding)
market economy: p_401+p_414
WELFARE [position in Dataset: xx-xx]
(identical to MRG coding)
Welfare: p_503+p_504+p_5041+p_5042+p_5043+p_5044+p_5045
P_PROEU [position in Dataset: xx-xx]
summarised percentages of pro-EU issues:
p_108s+p2_203+p_3021+p_306s+p_308s+p_310s+p_312s+p_314s+p_316s+p2_4041+ p_4084+p_4086+p2_601+p1_602
P_ANTIEU [position in Dataset: xx-xx]
summarised percentages of anti-EU issues:
p_110s+p2_204+p_3011+p_307s+p_309s+p_311s+p_313s+p_315s+p_317s+p_318s+ p2_4011+p_4085+p_4087+p2_602+p1_601
P_EUDIFF [position in Dataset: xx-xx]
difference between percentage of pro-EU codes and anti-EU codes.
“+” pro EU, “-“ anti EU.
EUSUM [position in Dataset: xx]
sum of pro and anti EC/EU arguments
eusum=p_proeu+p_antieu