Principal Investigators

Pilar del Cstillo (then CIS, Madrid, now cabinet minister in the government of Spain),
Cees van der Eijk (University of Amsterdam),
Mark Franklin (then University of Houston, now Trinity College, Hartford CT),
Richard Katz (Johns Hopkins University),
Renato Mannheimer (then University of Milan, now University of Genova),
Michael Marsh (Trinity College Dublin),
Pippa Norris (Harvard University),
Erik Oppenhuis (University of Amsterdam),
Hermann Schmitt (University of Mannheim),
Jacques Thomassen (University of Twente),
Bernard Wessels (Free University of Berlin),
Colette Ysmal (CEVIPOF, Paris)

Research design

This research design was more elaborate than that of any previous European Election Study. In addition to a study of voters, the research design incorporated a study of candidates for the European Parliament elections, a study of Members of the European Parliament, and studies of Members of national Parliaments. These four components of EES94 were linked, with common questions about policy preferences and other matters. Thus the 1994 election study is not just a study of voting but also a study of representation. The European Representation Study is fully documented in Appendix 1 of Schmitt and Thomassen, eds. (1999), Political Representation and Legitimacy in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press. View acrobat file.

The 1994 voters study consisted of a single wave of interviews, conducted immediately following the European elections of June 1994, with freshly drawn samples in all member states of the European Union. As in 1989, the questions were added to a special post-election Eurobarometer, and the questionnaires were identical in all member states (apart from unavoidable variations due to language and institutional differences) and a large number of questions were identical to those used in the 1989 study, thus permitting over-time comparisons of voter behavior in the 1989 and 1994 elections.

Proposal to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG (.pdf)

Questionnaires

1st Pre-election Eurobarometer (.pdf) - EB40
2nd Pre-election Eurobarometer (.pdf) - EB41
(Post-) Election study (.pdf) - EB 41.1 (MAIN SURVEY OF THE STUDY)
Post-election Eurobarometer (.pdf) - EB42

Further details about the surveys and data availability

Publications resulting in whole or in part from this study